生物活性

• 描述Phosphoinositide-3-kinase family (PI3Ks) phosphorylates PtdIns (Phosphatidylinositol), PtdIns4P (Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate) and PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role in recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. KY-12420, also termed wortmannin, is a PI3K inhibitor. The IC50 value of KY-12420 against PI3K was 3 nM according to purified calf PI3K assay or cell based immunoprecipitate assay. In intact cells, KY-12420 inhibited PI3K activity with an IC50 of 2 nM^[3]. Post 24 h incubation, KY-12420 could sensitize melanoma cell lines A375, Mel-HO, as well as respective TRAIL resistant cell lines, for TRAIL-induced apoptosis at the concentrations of 4 μM or 8 μM, as revealed by a sub-G1 cell analysis, while KY-12420 alone was not effective^[4]. In lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1703, KY-12420 at the concentration of 2.5 μM also enhanced cytotoxicity induced by tamoxifen^[5]. In an orthotopic pancreatic tumor model established by injection of PK1 cells into the pancreas of SCID mice, KY-12420 plus gemcitabine was administrated via i.p. injection. The dose of KY-12420 was 0.35 mg/kg and the dose of gemcitabine was 80 mg/kg. Both of the agents were injected biweekly for a total treatment period of 5 weeks. The result turned out that KY-12420 plus gemcitabine reduced tumor weights by 5-fold relative to the vehicle control. For comparison, the group of gemcitabine alone at the same dose and schedule reduced tumor weights by 1.4-fold, and the group of KY-12420 alone failed to inhibit tumor growth^[6].
• 作用机制Based on the X-ray crystallographic structure of KY-12420 bound to PI3Kγ in the kinase’s ATP binding pocket, KY-12420 most closely fits and fills the active site and induces a conformational change in the catalytic domain of the kinase^[7].

• 动物研究
  剂量	Rat: 1 mg/kg[3] (i.p.) Mice: 0.2 mg/kg - 4 mg/kg[4] (i.p.)
  给药途径	i.p.